Personalized Diagnosis in Differentiated Thyroid Cancers by Molecular and Functional Imaging Biomarkers: Present and Future.
Laura TeodoriuLetitia LeusteanMaria-Christina UngureanuStefana BilhaIrena GrierosuMioara MateiCristina PredaCipriana StefanescuPublished in: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Personalized diagnosis can save unnecessary thyroid surgeries, in cases of indeterminate thyroid nodules, when clinicians tend to aggressively treat all these patients. Personalized diagnosis benefits from a combination of imagery and molecular biomarkers, as well as artificial intelligence algorithms, which are used more and more in our timeline. Functional imaging diagnosis such as SPECT, PET, or fused images (SPECT/CT, PET/CT, PET/MRI), is exploited at maximum in thyroid nodules, with a long history in the past and a bright future with many suitable radiotracers that could properly contribute to diagnosing malignancy in thyroid nodules. In this way, patients will be spared surgery complications, and apparently more expensive diagnostic workouts will financially compensate each patient and also the healthcare system. In this review we will summarize essential available diagnostic tools for malignant and benignant thyroid nodules, beginning with functional imaging, molecular analysis, and combinations of these two and other future strategies, including AI or NIS targeted gene therapy for thyroid carcinoma diagnosis and treatment as well.
Keyphrases
- pet ct
- artificial intelligence
- end stage renal disease
- machine learning
- deep learning
- high resolution
- ejection fraction
- positron emission tomography
- computed tomography
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- peritoneal dialysis
- contrast enhanced
- magnetic resonance imaging
- minimally invasive
- palliative care
- gene expression
- young adults
- convolutional neural network
- current status
- spinal cord injury
- neuropathic pain
- spinal cord
- optical coherence tomography
- mass spectrometry
- atrial fibrillation
- patient reported outcomes
- ultrasound guided
- transcription factor
- coronary artery bypass