Cervicofacial Venous Malformations Are Associated with Intracranial Developmental Venous Anomalies and Dural Venous Sinus Abnormalities.

Our case-control study demonstrated a significant association between cervicofacial venous malformations and cerebral developmental venous anomalies as well as between cervicofacial venous malformations and dural venous sinus abnormalities. Our findings suggest that venous malformations may be the result of a segmental in utero insult to cells involved in cerebrofacial venous development.