A Longitudinal Retrospective Observational Study on Obesity Indicators and the Risk of Impaired Fasting Glucose in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women.
Myung Ji NamHyunjin KimYeon Joo ChoiKyung-Hwan ChoSeon Mee KimYong-Kyun RohKyungdo HanJin- Hyung JungYong-Gyu ParkJoo-Hyun ParkDo Hoon KimPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
The impact of obesity could differ according to menopausal status since women undergo significant physiologic and metabolic changes due to menopause. We investigated the association between various major obesity indicators and the risk of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) according to menopausal status using nationally representative data. A total of 571,286 premenopausal and 519,561 postmenopausal women who underwent both Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) cancer screening in 2009 and health check-ups in 2017 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effect of independent variables of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in 2009, on dependent variable IFG in 2017. After adjusting for potential confounders, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of developing IFG were analyzed. In the premenopausal group, the OR of obese BMI (≥25 kg/m 2 , <30 kg/m 2 ) women was increased to 2.228 (95% CI: 2.139-2.321) compared to the normal BMI (≥18.5, <23 kg/m 2 ) women as a reference. In the postmenopausal group, there was also a higher OR of 1.778 (95% CI: 1.715-1.843) in the obese BMI women compared to the normal group. A similar association of increasing ORs for IFG was shown in both groups when stratified by WC and WHtR. This nationwide study revealed that obesity and abdominal obesity, defined by various obesity indicators, consistently increased odds of acquiring IFG after 8 years in both pre- and postmenopausal groups, with the association being more robust in the premenopausal group. Our findings suggest that weight management and lifestyle modification may require more attention in premenopausal women.
Keyphrases
- postmenopausal women
- body mass index
- weight gain
- weight loss
- bone mineral density
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- breast cancer risk
- type diabetes
- bariatric surgery
- high fat diet induced
- health insurance
- adipose tissue
- physical activity
- pregnancy outcomes
- blood glucose
- healthcare
- skeletal muscle
- cardiovascular disease
- public health
- mass spectrometry
- cervical cancer screening
- quality improvement
- electronic health record
- squamous cell carcinoma
- glycemic control
- machine learning
- data analysis
- health information
- climate change
- atomic force microscopy
- squamous cell
- risk assessment