Metabolomic Fingerprinting for the Detection of Early-Stage Lung Cancer: From the Genome to the Metabolome.
Jean-François HaincePhilippe JoubertHoracio BachRashid Ahmed BuxParamjit S TappiaBram RamjiawanPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
The five-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is very low, mainly because most newly diagnosed patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Therefore, early diagnosis is key to the successful treatment and management of lung cancer. Unfortunately, early detection methods of lung cancer are not ideal. In this brief review, we described early detection methods such as chest X-rays followed by bronchoscopy, sputum analysis followed by cytological analysis, and low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). In addition, we discussed the potential of metabolomic fingerprinting, compared to that of other biomarkers, including molecular targets, as a low-cost, high-throughput blood-based test that is both feasible and affordable for early-stage lung cancer screening of at-risk populations. Accordingly, we proposed a paradigm shift to metabolomics as an alternative to molecular and proteomic-based markers in lung cancer screening, which will enable blood-based routine testing and be accessible to those patients at the highest risk for lung cancer.
Keyphrases
- newly diagnosed
- early stage
- end stage renal disease
- low dose
- computed tomography
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- high throughput
- squamous cell carcinoma
- peritoneal dialysis
- low cost
- small cell lung cancer
- prognostic factors
- locally advanced
- magnetic resonance imaging
- cystic fibrosis
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- high dose
- mass spectrometry
- gene expression
- single molecule
- single cell
- rectal cancer
- lymph node
- genome wide
- patient reported