Differential Effects of AIDS and Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Gray Matter Volume.

While HIV infection is associated with a localized effect on striatal structure, having a prior ADI is a strong predictor of smaller global and regional GMV. The lack of interaction between HIV serostatus or ADI with age suggests that chronic HIV infection and ADI have independent effects on brain structure, without associated accelerated lower volume with age. ADI history should be incorporated into statistical adjustments in HIV neuroimaging analysis. These findings also lend support to current HIV treatment guidelines urging prompt antiretroviral therapy initiation after HIV diagnosis.