Synergistic Effect of Redox Dual PdO x /MnO x Cocatalysts on the Enhanced H 2 Production Potential of a SnS/α-Fe 2 O 3 Heterojunction via Ethanol Photoreforming.

In the quest for optimal H 2 evolution (HE) through ethanol photoreforming, a dual cocatalyst-modified heterocatalyst strategy is utilized. Tin(II) sulfide (SnS) was hybridized with α-Fe 2 O 3 to form the heterocatalyst FeOSnS with a p-n heterojunction structure as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. PdO x and PdO x /MnO x cocatalysts were loaded onto the FeOSnS heterocatalyst through the impregnation method, as verified by high-resolution transform electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and elemental mapping. Photocatalytic ethanol photoreforming resulted in the production of H 2 as the main product with a selectivity of 99% and some trace amounts of CH 4 . The FeOSnS2-PdO x 2%/MnO x 1% photocatalyst achieved the highest HE rate of 1654 μmol/g, attributed to the synergistic redox contribution of the PdO x and MnO x species.