[Diagnostics value and regulatory functions of roinsulin.]

Proinsulin is one of the indicators reflecting the functional activity of the pancreas. In insulin-independent diabetes mellitus the ratio proinsulin / insulin is increased. The review examined the causes of hyperproinsulinemia and the diagnostic value of proinsulin in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. The role of proinsulin in the regulation of metabolic pathways and the preservation of the functional activity of cells under physiological conditions, during aging and during pathological processes is discussed. Studies in these areas justify the inclusion of proinsulin in the superfamily of signaling factors. The neuroprotective activity of proinsulin and its potential as a therapeutic tool for neurodegenerative diseases and retinal dystrophy are considered.