New Approaches to Critical Illness Polyneuromyopathy: High-Resolution Neuromuscular Ultrasound Characteristics and Cytokine Profiling.

Exploratory neuromuscular ultrasound and cytokine analyses showed signs of inflammation like macrophage and monocyte activation at the peak of CIPNM followed by a systemic immune response parallel to axonal damage. This underlines the role of both axonal damage and inflammation in pathogenesis of CIPNM.