Mycobiome and Cancer: What Is the Evidence?

The human mycobiome, per se, along with its interactions with the human bacteriome and the host, may be implicated in the promotion and progression of carcinogenesis. Fungi may be used as diagnostic and prognostic/predictive tools or treatment targets for cancer in the coming years. More large-scale, prospective, multicentric and longitudinal studies with an integrative multi-omics methodology are required to examine the precise contribution of the mycobiome in the etiopathogenesis of cancer, and to delineate whether changes that occur in the mycobiome are causal or consequent of cancer.