Direct-acting antivirals and hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in co-infected HBV/HCV kidney-transplant recipients.

Direct-acting agents (DAAs) are highly efficient at treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections after kidney transplantation. Although drug agencies have recently warned of the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after patients have received DAAs, reports have discrepant results in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative patients. We report on 3 cases of HBV reactivation that were detected after achieving a DAA-associated sustained virological response in 3 kidney-transplant recipients initially HBsAg-negative. In the first case, retrospective virological analysis revealed that HBsAgs had become positive and HBV DNA was detectable before initiating DAA therapy. In the second and third cases, HBV reactivation occurred 2 months and more than 1 year after stopping anti-HCV therapy. These cases underline the discrepancies and highlight the need for comprehensive information before making definitive conclusions regarding the causal link between DAAs and HBV reactivation.