Effects of Oxysterols on Immune Cells and Related Diseases.
Fábio Alessandro de FreitasDebora LevyCadiele Oliana ReichertEdécio Cunha-NetoJorge KalilSergio Paulo BydlowskiPublished in: Cells (2022)
Oxysterols are the products of cholesterol oxidation. They have a wide range of effects on several cells, organs, and systems in the body. Oxysterols also have an influence on the physiology of the immune system, from immune cell maturation and migration to innate and humoral immune responses. In this regard, oxysterols have been involved in several diseases that have an immune component, from autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases to inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Here, we review data on the participation of oxysterols, mainly 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, in the immune system and related diseases. The effects of these oxysterols and main oxysterol receptors, LXR and EBI2, in cells of the immune system (B cells, T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes), and in immune-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, intestinal diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and atherosclerosis, are discussed.
Keyphrases
- immune response
- dendritic cells
- induced apoptosis
- cardiovascular disease
- multiple sclerosis
- type diabetes
- cell cycle arrest
- inflammatory response
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- hydrogen peroxide
- regulatory t cells
- signaling pathway
- young adults
- electronic health record
- artificial intelligence
- cell proliferation
- lymph node metastasis
- data analysis