Synthesis and bioactivity assessment of Coccinia grandis L. extract encapsulated alginate nanoparticles as an antidiabetic drug lead.

Aim: To prepare, characterize, and evaluate antidiabetic activity of Coccinia grandis (L.) extracts encapsulated alginate nanoparticles. Methods: Alginate nanoparticles were prepared using ionic gelation method and characterized by encapsulation efficiency %w/w, loading capacity %w/w, particle size analysis, zeta potential, FTIR, and SEM. In vitro antidiabetic activity was also evaluated. Results: Encapsulation efficiency %w/w, loading capacity %w/w, mean diameter, zeta potential of C. grandis encapsulated alginate nanoparticles ranged from 10.51 ± 0.51 to 62.01 ± 1.28%w/w, 0.39 ± 0.04 to 3.12 ± 0.11%w/w, 191.9 ± 76.7 to 298.9 ± 89.6 nm, -21.3 ± 3.3 to -28.4 ± 3.4 mV respectively. SEM and FTIR confirmed that particles were in nano range with spherical shape and successful encapsulation of plant extracts into an alginate matrix The antidiabetic potential of aqueous extract of C. grandis (AqCG) encapsulated alginate nanoparticles (AqCG-ANP) exhibited inhibition in α-amylase, α-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzymes of 60.8%c/c, 19.1%c/c, and 30.3%c/c, respectively, compared to the AqCG. Conclusion: The AqCG-ANP exerted promising antidiabetic potential as an antidiabetic drug lead.