Antithrombotic Therapy by Regulating the ROS-Mediated Thrombosis Microenvironment and Specific Nonpharmaceutical Thrombolysis Using Prussian Blue Nanodroplets.
Wenli ZhangJunrui WangZhuoyan XieHongmi ZouQiaoqi ChenLian XuLiu HuNi FangJie XuJun ZhouJia LiuHaitao RanZhigang WangYu ZhangDa-Jing GuoPublished in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2022)
In thrombotic diseases, the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress as a "perpetrator" in thrombosis must be resolved. Accordingly, an insufficient understanding of thrombus therapy prompted the authors to pursue a more comprehensive and efficient antithrombotic treatment strategy. A Prussian blue (PB)-based nanodroplet system (PB-PFP@PC) is designed using PB and perfluorinated pentane (PFP) in the core, and a targeting peptide (CREKA, Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala) is attached to poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) as the delivery carrier shell. Upon near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, PB and PFP jointly achieve an unprecedented dual strategy for drug-free thrombolysis: photothermal therapy (PTT) combined with optical droplet vaporization (ODV). PB, a nanoenzyme, also regulates the vascular microenvironment via its antioxidant activity to continuously scavenge abnormally elevated ROS and correspondingly reduce inflammatory factors in the thrombus site. This study provides a demonstration of not only the potential of ODV in thrombus therapy but also the mechanism underlying PTT thrombolysis due to thermal ablation-induced fibrin network structural damage. Moreover, PB catalyzes ROS to generate oxygen (O 2 ), which combines with the ODV effect, enhancing the ultrasound signal. Thus, regulation of the thrombosis microenvironment combined with specific nonpharmaceutical thrombolysis by PB nanodroplets provides a more comprehensive and efficient antithrombotic therapeutic strategy.
Keyphrases
- pulmonary embolism
- heavy metals
- reactive oxygen species
- oxidative stress
- dna damage
- aqueous solution
- cell death
- acute ischemic stroke
- stem cells
- atrial fibrillation
- risk assessment
- magnetic resonance imaging
- diabetic rats
- drug delivery
- radiation therapy
- computed tomography
- emergency department
- high throughput
- mass spectrometry
- photodynamic therapy
- bone marrow
- signaling pathway
- drug induced
- fluorescent probe
- human health
- fluorescence imaging