BAG3: Nature's Quintessential Multi-Functional Protein Functions as a Ubiquitous Intra-Cellular Glue.
Caitlyn M BrennerMuaaz ChoudharyMichael G McCormickDavid CheungGavin P LandesbergJu-Fang WangJianliang SongThomas G MartinJoseph Y CheungHui-Qi QuHakon HakonarsonArthur M FeldmanPublished in: Cells (2023)
BAG3 is a 575 amino acid protein that is found throughout the animal kingdom and homologs have been identified in plants. The protein is expressed ubiquitously but is most prominent in cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, the brain and in many cancers. We describe BAG3 as a quintessential multi-functional protein. It supports autophagy of both misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, inhibits apoptosis, maintains the homeostasis of the mitochondria, and facilitates excitation contraction coupling through the L-type calcium channel and the beta-adrenergic receptor. High levels of BAG3 are associated with insensitivity to chemotherapy in malignant cells whereas both loss of function and gain of function variants are associated with cardiomyopathy.
Keyphrases
- amino acid
- skeletal muscle
- cell death
- protein protein
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- oxidative stress
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- gene expression
- dna methylation
- squamous cell carcinoma
- copy number
- insulin resistance
- small molecule
- locally advanced
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- white matter
- cell proliferation
- quantum dots
- left ventricular
- adipose tissue
- brain injury
- ionic liquid
- cerebral ischemia