Rectal cancer: Maximizing local control and minimizing toxicity.

Adoption of multimodality treatment approach for rectal cancer has resulted in significant improvements in oncologic outcomes. The roles of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery in rectal cancer treatment are continuously evolving with the goal of achieving the best possible oncologic and functional outcome while minimizing treatment toxicity. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent trials focusing on organ-sparing treatment strategies and the optimal selection of patients for neoadjuvant radiation therapy.