Socio-economic inequalities in fragility fracture incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 61 observational studies.

Gitte Valentin Maiken Bay Ravn E K Jensen Karina Friis A Bhimjiyani Yoav Ben-Shlomo April E Hartley Camilla Palmhøj Nielsen Bente Lomholt Langdahl Celia L Gregson

Published in: Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA (2021)

Our results show that low SES, measured at the individual level, is a risk factor for fragility fracture. Low BMI and unhealthy behaviours are important mediators of the effect of SES on fracture risk. Strategies to prevent fractures and reduce unhealthy behaviours should aim to tackle structural inequalities in society thereby reducing health inequalities in fragility fracture incidence.

Keyphrases

hip fracture
healthcare
public health
body mass index
mental health
climate change
social media
health promotion