Enhanced Blue Afterglow through Molecular Fusion for Bio-applications.

Afterglow materials have drawn considerable attention due to their attractive luminescent properties. However, their low-efficiency luminescence in aqueous environment limits their applications in life sciences. Here, we developed a molecular fusion strategy to improve the afterglow efficiency of photochemical afterglow materials. By fusing a cache unit with an emitter, we obtained a blue afterglow system with a quantum yield up to 2.59 %. This is 162 times higher than that achieved with the traditional physical mixing system and more than an order of magnitude larger than that of the covalent coupling system. High-efficiency afterglow nanoparticles were obtained and utilized for bio-imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 131, and for the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) of β-hCG with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.34 mIU mL -1 . This paves a new way for the construction of high-efficiency afterglow materials and expands the number of luminescence reporter candidates for disease diagnosis and bio-imaging.