Natural products as IL-6 inhibitors for inflammatory diseases: Synthetic and SAR perspective.
Dipesh S HarmalkarAneesh SivaramanHossam NadaJoohan LeeHyeseul KangYongseok ChoiKyeong LeePublished in: Medicinal research reviews (2024)
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, and prostate cancer. The signaling pathways associated with IL-6 offer promising targets for therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases and IL-6-dependent tumors. Although certain anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies are currently employed clinically, their usage is hampered by drawbacks such as high cost and potential immunogenicity, limiting their application. Thus, the imperative arises to develop novel small non-peptide molecules acting as IL-6 inhibitors. Various natural products derived from diverse sources have been investigated for their potential to inhibit IL-6 activity. Nevertheless, these natural products remain inadequately explored in terms of their structure-activity relationships. In response, our review aims to provide syntheses and structure activity perspective of natural IL-6 inhibitors. The comprehensive amalgamation of information presented in this review holds the potential to serve as a foundation for forthcoming research endeavors by medicinal chemists, facilitating the design of innovative IL-6 inhibitors to address the complexities of inflammatory diseases.
Keyphrases
- prostate cancer
- rheumatoid arthritis
- type diabetes
- signaling pathway
- healthcare
- multiple myeloma
- physical activity
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- climate change
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- mass spectrometry
- high resolution
- cognitive decline
- human health
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- social media
- single molecule
- disease activity
- interstitial lung disease
- ankylosing spondylitis
- drug discovery
- atomic force microscopy