Functional Characterization of the GNAT Family Histone Acetyltransferase Elp3 and GcnE in Aspergillus fumigatus .

Post-translational modifications of chromatin structure by histone acetyltransferase (HATs) play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression and diverse biological processes. However, the function of GNAT family HATs, especially Elp3, in the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is largely unknown. To investigate the roles of the GNAT family HATs Elp3 and GcnE in the A. fumigatus , we have generated and characterized individual null Δ elp3 and Δ gcnE mutants. The radial growth of fungal colonies was significantly decreased by the loss of elp3 or gcnE , and the number of asexual spores (conidia) in the Δ gcnE mutant was significantly reduced. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the key asexual development regulators were also significantly low in the Δ gcnE mutant compared to wild type (WT). Whereas both the Δ elp3 and Δ gcnE mutants were markedly impaired in the formation of adherent biofilms, the Δ gcnE mutant showed a complete loss of surface structure and of intercellular matrix. The Δ gcnE mutant responded differently to oxidative stressors and showed significant susceptibility to triazole antifungal agents. Furthermore, Elp3 and GcnE function oppositely in the production of secondary metabolites, and the Δ gcnE mutant showed attenuated virulence. In conclusion, Elp3 and GcnE are associated with diverse biological processes and can be potential targets for controlling the pathogenic fungus.