Laparoscopic anatomical liver resection guided by real-time indocyanine green fluorescence imaging: experience and lessons learned from the initial series in a single center.

Real-time ICG fluorescence imaging adds much precision to laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy. The success of segmental staining requires a high proficiency of IOUS and skillful interpretation of preoperative 3D simulation. Decision-making on the fashions of positive and negative staining have been initially recommended. Multi-centered practice and technical modification are necessary to standardize its application.