Refractory bladder dysfunction: A multi-institutional experience with intravesical botulinum toxin-a injection in adult patients who underwent previous augmentation cystoplasty.

BTX-A injection was shown to subjectively improve storage symptoms and continence after augmentation cystoplasty in the majority of patients. In this cohort, patients had good subjective response regardless of site of injection, and most patients benefited from repeat injections. Prospective studies are needed to better evaluate the efficacy and ideal sites of BTX-A injection in the setting of refractory voiding dysfunction following augmentation cystoplasty.