Photoindentation: A New Route to Understanding Dislocation Behavior in Light.

It was recently found that extremely large plasticity is exhibited in bulk compression of single-crystal ZnS in complete darkness. Such effects are believed to be caused by the interactions between dislocations and photoexcited electrons and/or holes. However, methods for evaluating dislocation behavior in such semiconductors with small dimensions under a particular light condition had not been well established. Here, we propose the "photoindentation" technique to solve this issue by combining nanoscale indentation tests with a fully controlled lighting system. The quantitative data analyses based on this photoindentation approach successfully demonstrate that the first pop-in stress indicating dislocation nucleation near the surface of ZnS clearly increases by light irradiation. Additionally, the room-temperature indentation creep tests show a drastic reduction of the dislocation mobility under light. Our approach demonstrates great potential in understanding the light effects on dislocation nucleation and mobility at the nanoscale, as most advanced technology-related semiconductors are limited in dimensions.