Endometrial cancer shows high histological and molecular heterogeneity. The POLE mutation is a significant molecular alteration in endometrial cancer, leading to the identification of a specific subtype known as POLE -mutated endometrial cancer. This subtype exhibits a high tumor mutation burden, abundant lymphocyte infiltration, and a favorable prognosis, making it a promising candidate for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the clinical and pathological characteristics, outcomes, treatment advancements, pathogenic POLE gene detection, and alternative testing methods for POLE -mutated endometrial cancer.