CO 2 Conversion on N-Doped Carbon Catalysts via Thermo- and Electrocatalysis: Role of C-NO x Moieties.

N-doped carbon (N-C) materials are increasingly popular in different electrochemical and catalytic applications. Due to the structural and stoichiometric diversity of these materials, however, the role of different functional moieties is still controversial. We have synthesized a set of N-C catalysts, with identical morphologies (∼27 nm pore size). By systematically changing the precursors, we have varied the amount and chemical nature of N-functions on the catalyst surface. The CO 2 reduction (CO 2 R) properties of these catalysts were tested in both electrochemical (EC) and thermal catalytic (TC) experiments (i.e., CO 2 + H 2 reaction). CO was the major CO 2 R product in all cases, while CH 4 appeared as a minor product. Importantly, the CO 2 R activity changed with the chemical composition, and the activity trend was similar in the EC and TC scenarios. The activity was correlated with the amount of different N-functions, and a correlation was found for the -NO x species. Interestingly, the amount of this species decreased radically during EC CO 2 R, which was coupled with the performance decrease. The observations were rationalized by the adsorption/desorption properties of the samples, while theoretical insights indicated a similarity between the EC and TC paths.