Longitudinal Effects of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy on Cognition and Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Treatment-Naïve People with HIV.

Initiation of cART in PWH is associated with improvement in brain structure and cognition. However, significant differences persist over time compared to HC. Similar trends in EC suggest that results are due to HIV infection rather than treatment. Stronger associations between cognition and FD suggest this imaging metric may be a more sensitive marker of neuronal injury than cortical thickness and volumetric measures.