Humidified high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO) has, in recent years, come to assume a key role in the management of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF). While non-invasive ventilation (NIV) currently represents the first-line ventilatory strategy in patients exhibiting hypercapnic ARF, the operating principles and physiological effects of HFNO could be interesting and useful in the initial management of hypercapnic ARF and/or after extubation, particularly in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Under these conditions, HFNO could be used either alone continuously or in combination with NIV during breaks in spontaneous breathing, depending on the severity and etiology of the underlying hypercapnic ARF.
Keyphrases
- respiratory failure
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- mechanical ventilation
- end stage renal disease
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- intensive care unit
- cystic fibrosis
- peritoneal dialysis
- mesenchymal stem cells
- patient reported outcomes
- liver failure
- patient reported
- replacement therapy