Chemical and metabolic profiling of Codonopsis Radix extract with an integrated strategy using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
Xi-Yang TangJia-Xing ZengXiao-Xing WangWan-Yi XuPeng-Cheng ZhaoCai-Lian FanZhi-Hong YaoXin-Sheng YaoYi DaiPublished in: Journal of separation science (2022)
Codonopsis radix was commonly used as food materials or herbal medicines in many countries. However, the comprehensive analysis of chemical constituents, and in vivo xenobiotics of Codonopsis radix remain unclear. In the present study, an integrated strategy with feature-based molecular networking using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was established to systematically screen the chemical constituents and the in vivo xenobiotics of Codonopsis radix. A step-by-step manner based on a composition database, visual structure classification, discriminant ions, and metabolite software prediction was proposed to overcome the complexities due to the similar structure of chemical constituents and metabolites of Codonopsis radix. As a result, 103 compounds were tentatively characterized, 20 of which were identified by reference standards. Besides, a total of 50 xenobiotics were detected in vivo, including 26 prototypes and 24 metabolites, while the metabolic features of the pyrrolidine alkaloids were elucidated for the first time. The metabolism reactions of pyrrolidine alkaloids and sesquiterpene lactones included oxidation, methylation, hydration, hydrogenation, demethylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. This study provided a generally applicable approach to the comprehensive investigation of the chemical and metabolic profile of traditional Chinese medicine and offered reasonable guidelines for further screening of quality control indicators and pharmacodynamics mechanism of Codonopsis radix.
Keyphrases
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- tandem mass spectrometry
- mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography
- ms ms
- high performance liquid chromatography
- quality control
- simultaneous determination
- machine learning
- deep learning
- high resolution
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- risk assessment
- high throughput
- genome wide
- capillary electrophoresis
- hydrogen peroxide
- data analysis
- single molecule
- anti inflammatory