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Opium and bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the odds ratios for opium use and the risk of bladder cancer.

Mahdi AfshariGhasem JanbabaeiMohammad Amin BahramiMahmood Moosazadeh
Published in: PloS one (2017)
This meta-analysis showed that opium use similar to cigarette smoking and maybe with similar mechanisms can be a risk factor for bladder cancer. It is therefore expected to be a risk factor for other cancers.
Keyphrases
  • systematic review
  • meta analyses
  • muscle invasive bladder cancer
  • case control