3D-Printed Magnetic Stirring Cages for Semidispersive Extraction of Bisphenols from Water Using Polymer Micro- and Nanofibers.

A magnetic stirring device allowing semidispersive solid phase extraction of eight bisphenols (A, AF, AP, C, BP, G, M, and Z) from river waters using polymer nano- and microfibers followed by HPLC with spectrophotometric detection has been developed and applied. About 50 mg of fibers was placed in a round, cage-like housing consisting of two identical 3D printed pieces that were locked together by a magnetic stirring bar. Magnetic stirring action of the cage devices enabled highly efficient interaction of the fibers housed inside with the aqueous samples and analyte transfer without risking fiber compaction and/or damaging. Polypropylene was found to be the best-suited filament material for the cage 3D printing, and polycaprolactone fibers appeared the most efficient sorbent out of eight tested polymers. Experimental design revealed that analytes extraction from 100 mL aqueous samples was completed within 50 min and stripping in methanol required less than 35 min. Cage housing enabled simple and robust handling of the fibrous sorbent that could be used repeatedly up to at least 5 times. Procedural repeatability was less than 5% RSD, and limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1-2.1 and 0.4-7.0 μg L-1, respectively. Analyte recoveries at 50 μg L-1 level ranged from 87.1% to 106.5% in the analysis of two spiked river and two lake waters.