Association of combustible and non-combustible tobacco use with clinically diagnosed adverse oral health outcomes among US adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2014).

In this study of US adults, combustible tobacco use was associated with periodontitis and dental caries, while non-combustible tobacco use was associated with dental caries. In addition to conducting extensive oral health screening among all smokers, oral health-care providers should counsel smokers on the need for smoking cessation.