Pharmic Activation of PKG2 Alleviates Diabetes-Induced Osteoblast Dysfunction by Suppressing PLCβ1-Ca2+-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.
Tingting JiaYa-Nan WangYao FengChenchen WangDongjiao ZhangXin XuPublished in: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity (2021)
As reported in our previous study, cinaciguat can improve implant osseointegration in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats by reactivating type 2 cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG2), but the downstream mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the favorable effect of cinaciguat on primary rat osteoblast, which was cultivated on titanium disc under vitro T2DM conditions (25 mM glucose and 200 μM palmitate), and clarified the therapeutic mechanism by proteomic analysis. The results demonstrated that T2DM medium caused significant downregulation of PKG2 and induced obvious osteoblast dysfunction. And overexpression of PKG2 by lentivirus and cinaciguat could promote cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation, leading to decreased osteoblasts injury. Besides, proteomic analysis revealed the interaction between PKG2 and phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1) in the cinaciguat addition group, and we further verified that upregulated PKG2 by cinaciguat could inhibit the activation of PLCβ1, then relieve intracellular calcium overload, and suppress endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to ameliorate osteoblast functions under T2DM condition. Collectively, these findings provided the first detailed mechanisms responsible for cinaciguat provided a favorable effect on promoting osseointegration in T2DM and demonstrated a new insight that diabetes mellitus-induced the aberrations in PKG2-PLCβ1-Ca2+-ER stress pathway was one underlying mechanism for poor osseointegration.
Keyphrases
- cell proliferation
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- glycemic control
- protein kinase
- high glucose
- diabetic rats
- oxidative stress
- endoplasmic reticulum
- cardiovascular disease
- type diabetes
- induced apoptosis
- blood glucose
- escherichia coli
- nitric oxide
- blood pressure
- bone regeneration
- signaling pathway
- endothelial cells
- cell cycle
- reactive oxygen species
- copy number
- cystic fibrosis
- skeletal muscle
- adipose tissue
- mouse model
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- weight loss
- dna methylation