Integrated blood and organ profile analysis to evaluate ameliorative effects of kaempferol on 5-fluorouracil-induced toxicity.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment strategies encompass a triad of medical interventions: surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Among these, the use of chemotherapy, specifically 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has become a cornerstone in CRC management. However, it is imperative to explore novel approaches that harness the synergistic potential of chemotherapy agents alongside adjunctive compounds to mitigate the severe adverse effects that often accompany treatment. In light of this pressing need, this study focuses on evaluating Kaempferol (KMP) in combination with 5-FU in a DMH-induced CRC animal model, scrutinizing its impact on haematological indices, organ health, and gastrointestinal, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects. Remarkably, KMP demonstrated haemato-protective attributes and exerted an immunomodulatory influence, effectively counteracting 5-FU-induced damage. Furthermore, organ assessments affirm the safety profile of the combined treatments while suggesting KMP's potential role in preserving the structural integrity of the intestine, and spleen. Histopathological assessments unveiled KMP's capacity to ameliorate liver injury and mitigate CRC-induced renal impairment. These multifaceted findings underscore KMP's candidacy as a promising adjunctive therapeutic option for CRC, underlining the pivotal need for personalized therapeutic strategies that concurrently optimize treatment efficacy and safeguard organ health. KMP holds tremendous promise in elevating the paradigm of CRC management.