Stimulation-induced respiratory enhancement in cortico-thalamic regions.

Stimulation of amygdala, anterior cingulate gyrus, anterior insula, temporal pole, and thalamus using certain stimulation paradigms, enhances respiration. Among tested paradigms, low-frequency, low-intensity, long-duration stimulation of the medial amygdala is the most effective breathing enhancement stimulation strategy. Such approaches may pave the way for the future development of neuromodulatory techniques that aid rescue from seizure-related apnea, potentially as a targeted SUDEP prevention method.