Complications in extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: a cohort study.

Few complications are associated with modern ESWL treatment. A frequency of 1 Hz should be used to reduce complications (p = 0.025). Diabetes and larger stone size increase the risk of complications. The need for antiemetics during ESWL requires special consideration and further study. Distal stones seem to carry a lower risk of complications (p = 0.017).