Precise diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage and subtypes using a three-dimensional joint convolutional and recurrent neural network.

• A 3D joint CNN-RNN deep learning framework was developed for ICH detection and subtype classification, which has the flexibility to train with either subject-level labels or slice-level labels. • This deep learning framework is fast and accurate at detecting ICH and its subtypes. • The performance of the automated algorithm was superior to the average performance of three junior radiology trainees in this work, suggesting its potential to reduce initial misinterpretations.