PM 2.5 threshold exceedances during the prenatal period and risk of intellectual disability.

Sara Elizabeth GrineskiRoger A RenteriaTimothy W CollinsAmanda V BakianDeborah BilderJames A VanDersliceAlison FraserJaqueline GomezKevin D Ramos

Published in: Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology (2024)

guidelines, as established by the World Health Organization and US Environmental Protection Agency, during the prenatal period. We find that exceedances of both sets of guidelines, during the preconception and first trimester periods, are associated with ID risk.

Keyphrases

intellectual disability
autism spectrum disorder
pregnant women
clinical practice
air pollution
heavy metals
risk assessment
drug administration