Different effects for different questions: An illustration using short cervix and the risk of preterm birth.
Rachael K RossStephen R ColeDaniel WestreichJessie K EdwardsPatrick MusondaBellington VwalikaMargaret P KasaroJoan T PriceJeffrey S A StringerPublished in: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2022)
Although authors often refer to "the" effect, there are actually different types of effects, as we have illustrated here. In planning research, it is important to consider which effect to estimate to ensure that the estimate aligns with the research objective.