Morphological analysis of Gissane's angle utilising a statistical shape model of the calcaneus.

Japanese and Thai specimens revealed lower GAs (both range and mean) compared to reported reference values of other ethnicities. As a reduced GA is generally indicative of a calcaneal fracture, our results are important to surgeons for their diagnostic assessment of Japanese and Thai patients. The results indicate that the GA measurement on a plain radiograph is a simplified representation of the lateral-to-central 3D calcaneal anatomy but significantly underestimates the angle measurement on the medial aspects of the respective surface areas.