Costoclavicular ligament as a novel cause of venous thoracic outlet syndrome: from anatomic study to clinical application.

Guangchao GuJinping LiuYanze LvHui HuangFangda LiMengyin ChenYuexin ChenJiang ShaoBao LiuChangwei LiuXiaodong ZhangYue-Hong Zheng

Published in: Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA (2020)

Our study demonstrated that CCL could be a novel cause of VTOS by severe compression of SCV. Patients diagnosed with this etiology could get less invasive surgical treatment by simply removing the ligament.

Keyphrases

newly diagnosed
ejection fraction
end stage renal disease
prognostic factors
spinal cord injury
liver injury