Hordeum vulgare ethanolic extract mitigates high salt-induced cerebellum damage via attenuation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurochemical alterations in hypertensive rats.
Omar A H Ahmed-FaridAreeg M Abd-ElrazekHend ElwakelMaha M MohamedPublished in: Metabolic brain disease (2023)
High salt intake increases inflammatory and oxidative stress responses and causes an imbalance of neurotransmitters involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension that is related to the onset of cerebral injury. Using natural compounds that target oxidative stress and neuroinflammation pathways remains a promising approach for treating neurological diseases. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds are rich in protein, fiber, minerals, and phenolic compounds, that exhibit potent neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the efficacy of barley ethanolic extract against a high salt diet (HSD)-induced cerebellum injury in hypertensive rats. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Group (I) was the control. The second group, the HSD group, was fed a diet containing 8% NaCl. Groups II and III were fed an HSD and simultaneously treated with either amlodipine (1 mg /kg b.wt p.o) or barley extract (1000 mg /kg b.wt p.o) for five weeks. Groups IV and V were fed HSD for five weeks, then administered with either amlodipine or barley extract for another five weeks. The results revealed that barley treatment significantly reduced blood pressure and effectively reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat's cerebellum as indicated by higher GSH and nitric oxide levels and lower malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and IL-1ß levels. Additionally, barley restored the balance of neurotransmitters and improved cellular energy performance in the cerebellum of HSD-fed rats. These findings suggest that barley supplementation exerted protective effects against high salt-induced hypertension by an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilating effects and restoring neurochemical alterations.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- diabetic rats
- blood pressure
- anti inflammatory
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- dna damage
- induced apoptosis
- nitric oxide
- hypertensive patients
- high glucose
- physical activity
- weight loss
- traumatic brain injury
- cerebral ischemia
- heat shock
- radiation therapy
- rheumatoid arthritis
- metabolic syndrome
- body mass index
- drug induced
- endothelial cells
- gestational age
- type diabetes
- preterm birth
- small molecule
- adipose tissue
- brain injury
- stress induced
- nitric oxide synthase
- fluorescent probe
- smoking cessation
- single cell