Extracellular Vesicles in Innate Immune Cell Programming.
Naveed AkbarDaan PagetRobin P ChoudhuryPublished in: Biomedicines (2021)
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of bilipid-enclosed envelopes that carry proteins, metabolites, RNA, DNA and lipids from their parent cell of origin. They mediate cellular communication to other cells in local tissue microenvironments and across organ systems. EV size, number and their biologically active cargo are often altered in response to pathological processes, including infection, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and in response to metabolic perturbations such as obesity and diabetes, which also have a strong inflammatory component. Here, we discuss the broad repertoire of EV produced by neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, their precursor hematopoietic stem cells and discuss their effects on the innate immune system. We seek to understand the immunomodulatory properties of EV in cellular programming, which impacts innate immune cell differentiation and function. We further explore the possibilities of using EV as immune targeting vectors, for the modulation of the innate immune response, e.g., for tissue preservation during sterile injury such as myocardial infarction or to promote tissue resolution of inflammation and potentially tissue regeneration and repair.
Keyphrases
- immune response
- innate immune
- stem cells
- cardiovascular disease
- type diabetes
- cell therapy
- oxidative stress
- heart failure
- metabolic syndrome
- insulin resistance
- dendritic cells
- squamous cell carcinoma
- single molecule
- ms ms
- weight loss
- physical activity
- peripheral blood
- adipose tissue
- inflammatory response
- weight gain
- circulating tumor
- lymph node metastasis
- cell death
- cardiovascular risk factors
- squamous cell