Detection of intact vancomycin-arginine as the active antibacterial conjugate in E. coli by whole-cell solid-state NMR.
Sabrina H WerbyJasna BrčićMadeline B ChosyJiuzhi SunJacob T RendellLewis F NevillePaul A WenderLynette CegelskiPublished in: RSC medicinal chemistry (2023)
The introduction of new and improved antibacterial agents based on facile synthetic modifications of existing antibiotics represents a promising strategy to deliver urgently needed antibacterial candidates to treat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Using this strategy, vancomycin was transformed into a highly active agent against antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative organisms in vitro and in vivo through the addition of a single arginine to yield vancomycin-arginine (V-R). Here, we report detection of the accumulation of V-R in E. coli by whole-cell solid-state NMR using 15 N-labeled V-R. 15 N CPMAS NMR revealed that the conjugate remained fully amidated without loss of arginine, demonstrating that intact V-R represents the active antibacterial agent. Furthermore, C{N}REDOR NMR in whole cells with all carbons at natural abundance 13 C levels exhibited the sensitivity and selectivity to detect the directly bonded 13 C- 15 N pairs of V-R within E. coli cells. Thus, we also present an effective methodology to directly detect and evaluate active drug agents and their accumulation within bacteria without the need for potentially perturbative cell lysis and analysis protocols.
Keyphrases
- solid state
- drug resistant
- gram negative
- multidrug resistant
- single cell
- nitric oxide
- induced apoptosis
- escherichia coli
- silver nanoparticles
- magnetic resonance
- high resolution
- cell cycle arrest
- oxidative stress
- stem cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- amino acid
- cancer therapy
- drug delivery
- mesenchymal stem cells
- microbial community
- cell proliferation
- essential oil
- gold nanoparticles
- adverse drug
- wastewater treatment
- data analysis