Risk prediction and segmentation models used in the United States for assessing risk in whole populations: a critical literature review with implications for nurses' role in population health management.

More emphasis on including nonbilling data and providing holistic perspectives of individuals is needed in RPSMs. Nursing-generated data could be beneficial in addressing this gap, as they are structured, frequently generated, and tend to focus on key health status elements like functional status and social/behavioral determinants of health.