Overview of Pancreatic Cancer Epidemiology in Europe and Recommendations for Screening in High-Risk Populations.
Olga PartykaMonika PajewskaDaria KwaśniewskaAleksandra CzerwAndrzej DeptałaMichał P BudzikElżbieta CiporaIzabela GąskaLucyna GazdowiczAneta MielnikKatarzyna Maria SygitMarian SygitEdyta Krzych-FałtaDaria Schneider-MatykaSzymon GrochansAnna Maria CybulskaJarosław DrobnikEwa BandurskaWeronika CiećkoPiotr RatajczakKarolina KameckaMichał MarczakRemigiusz KozłowskiPublished in: Cancers (2023)
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh most common cause of death in the group of oncological diseases. Due to the asymptomatic course, early diagnosis is difficult. Currently, early detection methods are only used in high-risk groups. A literature review based on the available results of observational studies on patients with pancreatic cancer and people from high-risk groups was used to summarize the knowledge on risk factors. The GLOBOCAN 2020 data were used to assess the epidemiological situation in Europe. A summary of screening recommendations was prepared based on the available documents from medical organizations and associations. Pancreatic cancer risk factors are divided into two main groups: non-modifiable factors, e.g., hereditary factors and age, which increase the risk of developing this disease, and modifiable factors-BMI, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Hereditary factors account for 10% of pancreatic cancer cases. The highly specialized methods of early detection, (MRI, CT, or EUS) are used for screening high-risk populations. Of all the imaging methods, EUS is considered the most sensitive for pancreatic cancer and allows an accurate assessment of the size of even small lesions (<30 mm) and the extent of tumour infiltration into blood vessels. The available studies vary on the level of sensitivity and specificity of these methods for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. EUS, MRI, and CT are also expensive procedures and in some patients can be invasive, which is one of the arguments against the introduction of population screening programs based on imaging methods. Therefore, it is important to look for viable solutions that would improve early detection. This is important from the point of view of healthcare systems in Europe, where almost 29% of all global pancreatic cancer cases are reported.
Keyphrases
- risk factors
- healthcare
- contrast enhanced
- magnetic resonance imaging
- high resolution
- alcohol consumption
- computed tomography
- body mass index
- newly diagnosed
- prognostic factors
- machine learning
- magnetic resonance
- clinical practice
- case report
- electronic health record
- photodynamic therapy
- big data
- smoking cessation
- radical prostatectomy
- data analysis
- ultrasound guided