Recent Progress in the Development of Composite Membranes Based on Polybenzimidazole for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Applications.
Jorge EscorihuelaJessica Olvera-MancillaLarissa AlexandrovaL Felipe Del CastilloVicente CompañPublished in: Polymers (2020)
The rapid increasing of the population in combination with the emergence of new energy-consuming technologies has risen worldwide total energy consumption towards unprecedent values. Furthermore, fossil fuel reserves are running out very quickly and the polluting greenhouse gases emitted during their utilization need to be reduced. In this scenario, a few alternative energy sources have been proposed and, among these, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising. Recently, polybenzimidazole-based polymers, featuring high chemical and thermal stability, in combination with fillers that can regulate the proton mobility, have attracted tremendous attention for their roles as PEMs in fuel cells. Recent advances in composite membranes based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) for high temperature PEM fuel cell applications are summarized and highlighted in this review. In addition, the challenges, future trends, and prospects of composite membranes based on PBI for solid electrolytes are also discussed.
Keyphrases
- high temperature
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- single cell
- cell therapy
- current status
- stem cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- oxidative stress
- signaling pathway
- drinking water
- cell death
- high intensity
- bone marrow
- cell proliferation
- electron transfer
- hyaluronic acid
- pi k akt
- municipal solid waste
- heavy metals
- sensitive detection
- life cycle