Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant cancer of the head and neck, with high morbidity and mortality, ranking as the sixth most common cancer in the world. The treatment of OSCC is mainly radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, however, the prognosis of patients is still poor and the recurrence rate is high. This paper reviews the range of effects of natural medicinal plant active ingredients (NMPAIs) on OSCC cancer, including the types of NMPAIs, anti-cancer mechanisms, involved signaling pathways, and clinical trials. The NMPAIs include terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, coumarins, and volatile oils. These active ingredients inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and autophagy, inhibit migration and invasion of OSCC cells, and regulate cancer immunity to exert anti-cancer effects. The mechanism involves signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B, nuclear factor kappa B, miR-22/WNT1/β-catenin and Nrf2/Keap1. Clinically, NMPAIs can inhibit the growth of OSCC, and the combined drug is more effective. Natural medicinal plants are promising candidates for the treatment of OSCC.
Keyphrases
- papillary thyroid
- nuclear factor
- signaling pathway
- protein kinase
- cell proliferation
- clinical trial
- oxidative stress
- induced apoptosis
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- toll like receptor
- stem cells
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- childhood cancer
- emergency department
- immune response
- squamous cell carcinoma
- long non coding rna
- minimally invasive
- newly diagnosed
- inflammatory response
- prognostic factors
- small molecule
- rectal cancer
- combination therapy
- study protocol
- adverse drug
- coronary artery bypass
- electronic health record
- replacement therapy
- drug induced
- cell wall