Risk Factors for Intra-operative Bleeding in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in an Academic Center: A Retrospective Study.
Hamidreza NassehGholamreza MokhtariSamira GhasemiGelareh BiazarEhsan Kazemnezhad LeiliKeivan Gholamjani MoghaddamPublished in: Anesthesiology and pain medicine (2022)
Urinary tract infection, history of open surgery, nephrostomy implantation, and ESWL were significantly associated with more bleeding in PNL.