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Durable reprogramming of neutralizing antibody responses following Omicron breakthrough infection.

Wen Shi LeeHyon-Xhi TanArnold ReynaldiRobyn EsterbauerMarios KoutsakosJulie NguyenThakshila AmarasenaHelen E KentAnupriya AggarwalStuart G TurvilleGeorge TaiaroaPaul M KinsellaKwee Chin LiewThomas TranDeborah Ann WilliamsonDeborah CromerMiles P DavenportStephen J KentJennifer J JunoDavid S KhouryAdam K Wheatley
Published in: Science advances (2023)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common with the circulation of highly immune evasive and transmissible Omicron variants. Here, we report the dynamics and durability of recalled spike-specific humoral immunity following Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 breakthrough infection, with longitudinal sampling up to 8 months after infection. Both BA.1 and BA.2 infections robustly boosted neutralization activity against the infecting strain while expanding breadth against BA.4, although neutralization activity was substantially reduced for the more recent XBB and BQ.1.1 strains. Cross-reactive memory B cells against both ancestral and Omicron spike were predominantly expanded by infection, with limited recruitment of de novo Omicron-specific B cells or antibodies. Modeling of neutralization titers predicts that protection from symptomatic reinfection against antigenically similar strains will be durable but is undermined by new emerging strains with further neutralization escape.
Keyphrases
  • sars cov
  • respiratory syndrome coronavirus
  • escherichia coli
  • immune response
  • coronavirus disease
  • dna methylation
  • genome wide
  • african american