Stabilization of Organic Cathodes by a Temperature-Induced Effect Enabling Higher Energy and Excellent Cyclability.

To face the challenge of all-climate application, organic rechargeable batteries must hold the capability of efficiently operating both at high temperatures (>50 °C) and low temperatures (-20 °C). However, the low electronic conductivity and high solubility of organic molecules significantly impede the development in electrochemical energy storage. This issue can be effectively diminished using functionalized porphyrin complex-based organic cathodes by the in-situ electropolymerization of electrodes at elevating temperatures during electrochemical cycling. [5,15-bis(ethynyl)-10,20-diphenylporphinato]copper(II) (CuDEPP)- and 5,15-bis(ethynyl)-10,20-diphenylporphinato (DEPP)-based cathodes are proposed as models, and it is proved that a largely improved electrochemical performance is observed in both cathodes at a high operating temperature. Reversible capacities of 249 and 105 mA h g-1 are obtained for the CuDEPP and DEPP cathodes after 1000 cycles at 50 °C, respectively. The result indicates that the temperature-induced in situ electropolymerization strategy responds to the enhanced electrochemical performance. This study would open new opportunities for developing highly stable organic cathodes for electrochemical energy storage even at high temperatures.