Design and Characterization of a Natural Arf-GEFs Inhibitor Prodrug CHNQD-01255 with Potent Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Efficacy In Vivo .

Brefeldin A (BFA), a well-known natural Arf-GEFs inhibitor, is effective against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while the poor solubility, serious toxicity, and short half-life limit its potential. Herein, distinct corresponding prodrugs of BFA, including esters 1 - 15 , carbonates 16 - 24 and 30 - 32 , and carbamates 25 - 29 , were synthesized and evaluated. CHNQD-01255 ( 16 ) with improved aqueous solubility (15-20 mg/mL) demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. It behaved as expected by undergoing rapid conversion to BFA in vivo , and achieved sufficient high plasma exposure, prolonged half-life, as well as the improved bioavailability of BFA ( F = 18.96%). Meanwhile, CHNQD-01255 significantly suppressed tumor growth (TGI = 61.0%) at a dose of 45 mg/kg (p.o.) in the xenograft model. Notably, the improved safety profile of CHNQD-01255 (MTD > 750 mg/kg, p.o.) was confirmed to be superior to that of BFA (MTD < 506 mg/kg). Overall, CHNQD-01255 may serve as a safe and effective new anti-HCC prodrug.